Multiple studies have explored the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that susceptibility for MS likely unfolds over years before any symptoms appear. [1] This research indicates that polygenic risk—resulting from more than 200 genetic variants—is an important factor in developing MS, with HLA-DRB1*15:01 being a significant contributor to this risk. Additionally, smoking is found to contribute significantly to the development of MS, accounting for about 18% of the population-attributable fraction.
The prodromal phase of MS refers to the period before clinical symptoms are evident, during which individuals may experience subtle neurological changes or other signs that indicate an impending onset of the disease. [2] This research underscores the importance of understanding and managing risk factors early in life to potentially mitigate the development of MS.